Manuscript Preparation

1. Overview

1.1. Editorial Standards and Formatting Requirements

Manuscripts submitted to Letters in Applied NanoBioScience must be prepared in strict accordance with the journal’s editorial standards and formatting requirements. Compliance with these standards is essential to ensure clarity, consistency, and efficiency throughout the peer-review and production processes.

The journal strongly encourages authors to prepare their manuscripts using the official manuscript template provided by Letters in Applied NanoBioScience. Use of the template helps ensure uniform structure, appropriate formatting, and alignment with the journal’s editorial policies.

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience operates under a Platinum Open Access publishing model and is maintained as a non-commercial scholarly initiative supported by the voluntary academic service of its editorial team. To maintain high editorial and production standards, the journal reserves the right to return manuscripts to authors at any stage of the editorial or production process for technical, formatting, or bibliographic revisions. Such revisions may include, but are not limited to, adjustments to manuscript structure, references, figures, tables, or compliance with the manuscript template.

Authors are expected to cooperate fully with all editorial requests to facilitate timely review, accurate processing, and successful publication of their work.

1.2. Use of the Official Manuscript Template

Authors are required to prepare their manuscripts using the official manuscript template provided by Letters in Applied NanoBioScience. The use of this template is mandatory and ensures consistency in formatting, structure, and presentation across all submissions.

The manuscript template is designed to support clarity, standardization, and efficient handling of manuscripts during peer review and production. Preparing submissions in accordance with the template helps minimize technical and formatting issues and facilitates timely editorial processing.

Manuscripts that do not comply with the official template may be returned to authors for revision at any stage of the editorial or production process. Authors are therefore strongly encouraged to download and use the Microsoft Word manuscript template provided by the journal prior to submission.

1.3. Platinum Open Access Model and Editorial Rights

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience operates under a Platinum Open Access publishing model and functions as a non-commercial scholarly initiative supported by the voluntary academic service of its editorial team.

To ensure high editorial and production standards, the journal reserves the right to return manuscripts to authors at any stage of the editorial or production process. Such requests may be made for technical, formatting, structural, or bibliographic reasons, including but not limited to issues related to manuscript organization, references, figures, tables, or compliance with the official manuscript template.

These editorial rights are applied to maintain consistency, quality, and accuracy across published content. Authors are expected to respond to and cooperate with all editorial requests to support timely and correct publication.

1.4. Author Cooperation During Editorial and Production Processes

Authors are expected to cooperate fully with the editorial office and production team throughout all stages of the submission, peer-review, and publication processes.

When manuscripts are returned for technical, formatting, structural, or bibliographic revisions, authors must address all requested changes accurately and in a timely manner. This cooperation is essential to ensure efficient editorial handling, maintain publication standards, and avoid unnecessary delays in the review or production workflow.

Active and responsive communication with the editorial team contributes to the accuracy, clarity, and integrity of the final published article.

  1. General Formatting Requirements

2.1. Language and Logical Structure

Manuscripts should be written in clear, academic English and organized in a logical and coherent manner. The structure of the manuscript should allow readers to follow the development of the study easily, from the background and objectives through the methods, results, and conclusions.

Authors are expected to present their work concisely while providing sufficient methodological and contextual detail to support understanding and reproducibility. The journal does not impose strict limitations on manuscript length; however, clarity, precision, and logical flow are essential requirements for all submissions.

2.2. Manuscript Length and Reproducibility

The journal does not impose strict limitations on manuscript length. Authors are expected to present their research in a concise manner while providing sufficient detail to ensure the reproducibility of the work.

Methodological descriptions should be clear and adequately detailed to allow other researchers to replicate the study and independently verify the results. Authors should balance completeness with clarity, avoiding unnecessary repetition while ensuring that all essential information is included.

2.3. Line Numbering and Page Numbering

All manuscripts must include continuous line numbering and page numbering. These elements are required to facilitate the peer-review process by enabling reviewers and editors to reference specific sections of the manuscript accurately and efficiently.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that both line numbers and page numbers are present throughout the entire manuscript at the time of submission.

2.4. Mandatory Use of the Journal Template

Authors are required to prepare and submit their manuscripts using the official manuscript template provided by the journal. The use of this template is mandatory for all submissions.

Preparing manuscripts in accordance with the journal template ensures consistent formatting, standardized structure, and efficient processing during peer review and production. Manuscripts that do not comply with the template requirements may be returned to authors for technical or formatting revisions at any stage of the editorial or production process.

Authors are therefore strongly encouraged to download and use the official Microsoft Word manuscript template before preparing their submission.

  1. Front Matter

3.1. Title

The title of the manuscript must be concise, specific, and informative, clearly reflecting the content of the work. It should accurately convey the main topic and focus of the study, allowing readers to understand the scope and relevance of the manuscript at a glance.

Authors should ensure that the title is precise and avoids unnecessary wording, while remaining sufficiently descriptive to represent the objectives and subject matter of the manuscript.

3.2. Author Names and Affiliations

Manuscripts must include the full first and last names of all authors. Author names should be presented clearly and consistently.

Institutional affiliations must be provided for each author using a standardized format. Affiliations should accurately reflect the institutions where the work was conducted and must include sufficient information to clearly identify each institution.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that author names and affiliations are complete, accurate, and correctly associated.

3.3. Corresponding Author

At least one corresponding author must be designated for each manuscript. The corresponding author is responsible for communication with the editorial office throughout the submission, peer-review, and publication processes.

An institutional email address must be provided for the corresponding author. Authors should ensure that the contact details are accurate and remain valid to allow effective communication during all stages of manuscript handling.

3.4. Abstract

Each manuscript must include an abstract presented as a single paragraph. The abstract must not exceed 200 words.

The abstract should clearly and concisely summarize the objectives of the study, the methods used, the main findings, and the significance of the research. It should provide readers with a clear overview of the content and relevance of the manuscript without including references or excessive detail.

3.5. Keywords

Each manuscript must include a list of relevant keywords. Authors are required to provide between three and ten keywords that accurately reflect the content and focus of the manuscript.

Keywords should be selected carefully to enhance the discoverability of the article and to represent the main topics addressed in the study.

  1. Structure of Research Articles

4.1. Introduction

The Introduction should place the study within the broader context of existing research and clearly articulate the rationale and objectives of the work. Authors should provide a concise overview of relevant literature, identify knowledge gaps where appropriate, and explain the significance of the study. The introduction should guide readers toward the research questions or hypotheses addressed, without becoming an exhaustive literature review.

4.2. Materials and Methods

The Materials and Methods section must describe the experimental design, materials, procedures, and analytical approaches in sufficient detail to allow replication and independent verification of the results. Established methods may be summarized with appropriate references, whereas new or modified methods should be described comprehensively. Information on software, equipment, statistical analyses, and data processing must be clearly specified. Where applicable, details of ethical approval and informed consent must be included.

4.3. Results

The Results section should present the study’s findings in a clear, objective, and structured manner. Results should be supported by appropriately formatted figures and tables, cited sequentially in the text, and placed near their first reference. This section should focus on reporting observations and outcomes, with minimal interpretation.

4.4. Discussion

The Discussion should interpret the results in relation to the study objectives and existing literature. Authors are encouraged to compare their findings with previous studies, address consistencies or discrepancies, and discuss potential mechanisms, implications, and limitations. Where appropriate, future research directions may also be proposed.

4.5. Conclusions

A Conclusions section is mandatory for all research articles. It should concisely summarize the study’s principal findings, emphasize their contribution to the field, and outline broader implications and future research perspectives. The conclusion should synthesize the work rather than repeat detailed results.

4.6. Combined Results and Discussion (where applicable)

A combined Results and Discussion section is acceptable where appropriate. In such cases, authors may integrate the presentation of results with their interpretation and discussion, provided that clarity and logical flow are maintained.

When using a combined section, authors should ensure that the results are clearly distinguished from their interpretation and that the discussion adequately relates the findings to existing literature, study objectives, and broader implications.

The combined format should be used only when it improves readability and coherence and should not compromise the clear reporting of results or the depth of discussion.

  1. Structure of Review Articles

5.1. Introduction and Rationale

The Introduction should explain the motivation for the review, define its objectives, and establish its relevance within the current scientific landscape. Authors should clearly state the focus and boundaries of the review.

5.2. Scope and Literature Selection

Authors must clearly describe the scope of the review and the approach used to identify and select relevant literature. For systematic, scoping, or meta-analytic reviews, this includes a transparent description of the databases searched, the search strategies, the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the time frame covered. For narrative reviews, a qualitative description of literature selection is acceptable

5.3. Thematic or Conceptual Analysis

The main body of the review should be organized into thematic, conceptual, or methodological sections that synthesize and critically evaluate the literature. Authors should identify trends, patterns, methodological strengths and weaknesses, and areas of consensus or debate.

5.4. Discussion and Identification of Knowledge Gaps

This section should integrate the reviewed evidence, highlight gaps in current knowledge, and assess the implications of existing research for theory, practice, or policy.

5.5. Future Perspectives and Conclusions

Review articles should conclude with a section outlining emerging research directions, unresolved questions, and potential future developments in the field, followed by a concise summary of key insights.

  1. Figures, Tables, and Supplementary Materials

6.1. Figures

Figures must be numbered consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and placed as close as possible to the point at which they are first referenced. Each figure must be accompanied by a clear, concise, and descriptive caption that allows the content to be understood independently of the main text.

Figures should be submitted in high-resolution formats suitable for publication. Accepted file formats include commonly used image and vector formats, and all images must meet appropriate resolution standards to ensure clarity in both online and print-ready versions.

The use of color in figures, schemes, and illustrations is permitted and does not incur additional publication charges.

6.2. Tables

Tables must be numbered consecutively in the order of their first citation in the text and must be cited explicitly within the manuscript. Tables should be placed as close as possible to the point at which they are first referenced.

Tables should be prepared using standard table formatting and should present data clearly and efficiently. Each table must include an appropriate title and, where necessary, explanatory notes to ensure that the information can be understood independently of the main text.

Tables should not duplicate information presented elsewhere in the manuscript, including figures or text. Authors are responsible for ensuring clarity, consistency, and accuracy in all tabular data.

6.3. Supplementary Figures and Tables

As a general rule, supplementary figures and tables should be placed at the end of the manuscript, following the reference list, within a clearly identified “Supplementary Materials” section.

All supplementary figures and tables must be explicitly referenced in the main text and labeled using the prefix “S” (e.g., Figure S1, Table S1). Supplementary items should provide additional supporting information and must not duplicate data presented in the main manuscript.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all supplementary figures and tables are clearly presented, well organized, and directly relevant to the content of the manuscript.

6.4. Supplementary Files and Large Datasets

Large or complex datasets, including extensive tabular data provided in spreadsheet formats (such as Excel files), may be published as separate supplementary files on the journal’s website.

All supplementary files must be clearly described in the manuscript and appropriately referenced to ensure accessibility and transparency. Authors must ensure that such materials are directly relevant to the content of the manuscript and contribute to the understanding or verification of the reported results.

Supplementary materials are subject to editorial assessment but may not undergo detailed copyediting. Authors are responsible for ensuring that all supplementary files are well organized, clearly presented, and suitable for publication.

  1. References

7.1. Reference Numbering and In-Text Citations

All references must be numbered consecutively in the order of their first appearance in the text, including citations in tables and figure legends. Each reference must be listed individually at the end of the manuscript.

In-text citations must be indicated using square brackets and placed before punctuation marks (e.g., [1], [1-3], [1,3]). When specific pages are cited, both brackets and parentheses should be used, for example [5] (p. 10) or [6] (pp. 101-105).

The journal uses a numeric reference style that must be used consistently throughout the manuscript.

7.2. Reference List

Each reference cited in the manuscript must be listed individually in the reference list at the end of the manuscript. All references must correspond to a citation in the text, and all in-text citations must have a matching entry in the reference list.

References cited in tables, figure captions, or supplementary materials are permitted; however, they must also appear in the main reference list. Therefore, such references should also be cited in the main text, along with references to the relevant tables, figures, or supplementary materials.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that the reference list is complete, accurate, and consistently formatted in accordance with the journal’s reference style.

7.3. Reference Style and Formatting

The journal uses a numeric reference style that must be applied consistently throughout the manuscript, including in the main text, tables, figure captions, and supplementary materials.

Authors are strongly encouraged to prepare references using bibliographic management software (such as EndNote, ReferenceManager, Zotero, or equivalent tools) to minimize errors and avoid duplication.

Where available, Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) must be included for all references. References without a DOI should be avoided unless no DOI exists for the cited source.

Authors must ensure that all bibliographic details are accurate and complete. Incomplete or incorrectly formatted references may be returned to authors for correction during the editorial or production process.

7.4. Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs)

Where available, DOIs must be included for all references cited in the manuscript. A DOI is a permanent and unique alphanumeric identifier assigned to a scholarly work, such as a journal article, book chapter, dataset, or report. Its primary function is to provide a stable and persistent link to the referenced content, ensuring long-term accessibility even if the web location of the material changes.

The use of DOIs enhances the discoverability, traceability, and reliability of scholarly publications. By enabling consistent citation linking, DOIs support transparency, reproducibility, and accurate tracking of research outputs across the scholarly publishing ecosystem.

DOIs used in academic publishing are registered through recognized registration agencies, most commonly Crossref, a non-profit organization that provides DOI registration and metadata services for scholarly publishers. Through Crossref, publishers assign DOIs to published works and deposit standardized bibliographic metadata, including titles, author information, publication dates, and reference lists. This metadata facilitates reliable reference linking, indexing, citation analysis, and integration with global research discovery systems.

The registration, management, and long-term maintenance of DOIs involve financial costs, including membership fees and per-record registration charges imposed by Crossref. These costs are fully supported by the publisher. Authors are not charged for DOI assignment, and DOI registration is handled entirely by the publisher as part of the journal’s publishing infrastructure.

Authors are responsible for including DOIs for all cited references where a DOI exists and for ensuring the accuracy and validity of the DOIs provided. References without a DOI should be avoided unless no DOI has been assigned to the cited source. The correct and consistent inclusion of DOIs is a mandatory requirement of the journal’s reference formatting standards and contributes to the visibility, integrity, and long-term preservation of the scholarly record.

7.5. Reference Examples

The following examples illustrate the required reference format and style. Authors must ensure that all references are complete, accurately formatted, and consistent with the journal’s numeric reference style. Where available, a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) must be included.

  1. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D. Title of the article. Abbreviated Journal Name Year, Volume, page range, https://doi.org/
  2. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Title of the chapter. In Book Title, 2nd ed.; Editor 1, A., Editor 2, B., Eds.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2007; Volume 3, pp. 154-196, https://doi.org/
  3. Author 1, A.; Author 2, B. Book Title, 3rd ed.; Publisher: Publisher Location, Country, 2008; pp. 154-196, https://doi.org/
  4. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C. Title of Unpublished Work. Abbreviated Journal Name stage of publication (under review; accepted; in press), https://doi.org/
  5. Author 1, A.B. (University, City, State, Country); Author 2, C. (Institute, City, State, Country). Personal communication, 2012, https://doi.org/
  6. Author 1, A.B.; Author 2, C.D.; Author 3, E.F. Title of Presentation. In Title of the Collected Work (if available), Proceedings of the Name of the Conference, Location of Conference, Country, Date of Conference; Editor 1, Editor 2, Eds. (if available); Publisher: City, Country, Year (if available); Abstract Number (optional), Pagination (optional), https://doi.org/
  7. Author 1, A.B. Title of Thesis. Level of Thesis, Degree-Granting University, Location of University, Date of Completion, https://doi.org/
  8. Title of Site. Available online: URL (accessed on Day Month Year), https://doi.org/
  1. Author Contributions (CRediT)

8.1. Author Contributions for Research Articles

For research articles with multiple authors, a detailed Author Contributions statement is mandatory. This statement must clearly describe the specific contributions of each author to the research and manuscript preparation process.

The journal applies the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) to ensure transparent and standardized reporting of individual contributions. Authors must specify individual contributions using one or more of the defined CRediT roles and explicitly associate each listed contributor with the relevant roles.

CRediT is used to describe contributions and does not, by itself, determine authorship. Authorship must comply with internationally accepted authorship criteria, and only individuals who have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the work may be listed as authors.

All authors must confirm their agreement with the Author Contributions statement before submission. Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made a substantial contribution to the work.

Example of Contri`   bution Statement

“Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y., and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.”

8.2. Author Contributions for Review Articles

For review articles with multiple authors, a detailed Author Contributions statement is required. The journal applies the CRediT to ensure transparent reporting of individual contributions to the conceptualization, preparation, and critical synthesis of the reviewed literature.

CRediT is used to describe the specific contributions of each author and does not, by itself, determine authorship. Authorship must comply with internationally accepted authorship criteria, and only individuals who have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the review may be listed as authors.

Authors must specify individual contributions using one or more of the applicable CRediT roles and clearly associate each author with the relevant roles. All authors must confirm their agreement with the Author Contributions statement before submission.

Applicable CRediT roles for review articles include, where relevant: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, methodology, resources, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition. Roles such as investigation, software, or validation may also be included where applicable, particularly for systematic reviews, scoping reviews, or meta-analyses.

8.3. CRediT Contributor Roles

The CRediT defines standardized roles used to describe each author’s specific contributions to a research or review article. Authors must assign one or more of the roles listed below to each contributor, as appropriate.

CRediT roles describe contributions transparently and consistently; they do not determine authorship on their own. Authorship must comply with internationally accepted criteria, and only individuals who have made a substantial intellectual contribution to the work may be listed as authors.

CRediT Roles

Conceptualization – Formulation or development of the overarching research goals and aims.

Data curation – Management activities related to annotating, organizing, cleaning, and maintaining research data and associated metadata, including software code where required for data interpretation.

Formal analysis – Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyze or synthesize research data.

Funding acquisition – Acquisition of financial support for the project leading to the publication.

Investigation – Conducting the research and investigation process, including performing experiments and collecting data or evidence.

Methodology – Development or design of the research methodology and creation of models or experimental protocols.

Project administration – Management and coordination of research planning and execution activities.

Resources – Provision of study materials, reagents, laboratory samples, instrumentation, computing resources, or other essential research tools.

Software – Programming, software development, algorithm implementation, and testing of code components used in the research.

Supervision – Oversight and leadership responsibility for research planning and execution, including mentorship.

Validation – Verification of the reproducibility and reliability of results, experiments, or research outputs.

Visualization – Preparation and presentation of data visualizations, figures, and graphical representations.

Writing – original draft – Preparation and writing of the initial manuscript draft, including substantive translation where applicable.

Writing – review & editing – Critical review, commentary, and revision of the manuscript before or after publication.

Each listed author must be explicitly associated with the relevant CRediT roles in the Author Contributions statement, and all authors must agree to the final contribution description prior to submission.

  1. Institutional Review Board Statement

9.1. Human Studies

Manuscripts reporting research involving human participants must include an Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee statement confirming that the study was reviewed and approved by an appropriate ethics body.

The statement must specify the name of the approving institution, the approval or protocol number, and the date of approval, where applicable. Studies involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with internationally recognized ethical standards, including the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

If ethical approval was waived, authors must provide a clear and detailed justification. If a study did not involve human participants, authors should include the statement: “Not applicable.”

Example Statement

“The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (Ethics Committee) of [Name of Institution], approval number [XX/YYY], dated [Day Month Year].”

9.2. Animal Studies

Manuscripts reporting research involving animals must include an Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee statement confirming that the animal study protocol was reviewed and approved by an appropriate ethics body.

The statement must identify the approving authority, include the approval or protocol number, and specify the date of approval, where applicable. Authors must also confirm that the study was conducted in compliance with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines for the care and use of animals in research.

If ethical approval was waived, authors must provide a clear and detailed justification. If a study did not involve animals, authors should include the statement: “Not applicable.”

Example Statement

“The animal study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (Ethics Committee) of [Name of Institution], approval number [XX/YYY], dated [Day Month Year].”

9.3. Ethical Approval Waived

In cases where ethical review and approval were waived, authors must include a clear and detailed statement explaining the reason for the waiver.

The justification should specify why ethical approval was not required for the study, in accordance with applicable ethical standards, regulations, or institutional policies. The explanation must be sufficiently detailed to allow the editorial office to assess the appropriateness of the waiver.

The editorial office reserves the right to request additional documentation or clarification where ethical approval or exemption requires further verification.

Example Statement

“Ethical review and approval were waived for this study due to [provide a clear and detailed justification].”

9.4. Not Applicable Statements

For studies that did not involve human participants or animals, authors must include a statement clearly indicating that ethical approval is not applicable.

This statement should be used only when no ethical review or approval was required for the research conducted. Authors are responsible for ensuring that the use of a “Not applicable” statement is accurate and appropriate for the study.

Example Statement

“Not applicable.”

  1. Informed Consent Statement

Manuscripts reporting research involving human participants must include an Informed Consent Statement confirming that informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.

When informed consent is waived, authors must provide a clear and detailed justification in the manuscript. For studies involving identifiable patient data, images, or personal information, written informed consent for publication must be obtained from the participants.

If a study did not involve human participants, authors should include the statement: “Not applicable.”

The Editorial Office reserves the right to request additional documentation or clarification regarding informed consent where necessary.

10.1. Informed Consent Obtained

For studies involving human participants, authors must confirm that informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to participation in the study.

Example Statement

“Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.”

10.2. Informed Consent Waived

When informed consent was waived, authors must include a clear and detailed justification explaining the reason for the waiver. The justification must be consistent with applicable ethical standards and regulations.

Example Statement

“Informed consent was waived due to [provide a clear and detailed justification].”

10.3. Identifiable Patient Data

For studies involving identifiable patient data, images, or personal information, authors must confirm that written informed consent for publication was obtained from the participant(s).

Example Statement

“Written informed consent has been obtained from the patient(s) to publish this paper.”

10.4. Not Applicable Statements

If the study did not involve human participants, authors must include a statement indicating that informed consent was not applicable.

Example Statement

“Not applicable.”

  1. Data Sharing and Data Availability Policy

The journal supports the principles of open research, transparency, and reproducibility. Making research data available enables readers, reviewers, and the broader scientific community to verify results, reuse data responsibly, and strengthen the reliability of published research.

In line with international publishing standards, the journal encourages authors to make the data underlying their publications publicly accessible whenever possible, while recognizing that legitimate ethical, legal, or commercial constraints may apply.

All manuscripts reporting original research must include a Data Availability Statement. Failure to include this statement, or to adequately explain restrictions on data access, may result in requests for revision, delays in the editorial or peer-review process, or postponement of publication.

The editorial office reserves the right to assess whether the proposed data availability arrangements are consistent with this policy and with accepted standards of ethical and responsible research practice.

11.1. Editorial Commitment to Data Transparency

The journal supports the principles of open research, transparency, and reproducibility. Making research data available enables readers, reviewers, and the broader scientific community to verify results, reuse data responsibly, and strengthen the reliability of published research.

In line with international publishing standards, the journal encourages authors to make the data underlying their publications publicly accessible whenever possible, while recognizing that legitimate ethical, legal, or commercial constraints may apply.

11.2. Data Availability Statement (Mandatory)

All original research articles submitted to the journal must include a Data Availability Statement, which informs readers about the availability of the data supporting the results and conclusions reported in the article.

The Data Availability Statement should clearly describe:

  • whether the data are available;
  • where the data can be accessed;
  • how access can be obtained; and
  • reasons for any restrictions on data access, if applicable.

The statement must be included in the manuscript and placed in the back matter, immediately before the References section.

11.3. Recommended Data Repositories

Authors are encouraged to deposit research data in recognized, trusted repositories that provide long-term preservation and stable access.

Suitable repositories include:

  • general-purpose repositories;
  • discipline-specific repositories;
  • institutional repositories.

Where possible, repositories that issue persistent identifiers (such as DOIs or accession numbers) should be used to ensure reliable citation and access to the data.

11.4. Types of Data Covered

For this policy, “research data” is interpreted broadly and may include, but is not limited to:

  • raw and processed datasets;
  • experimental measurements;
  • survey data and statistical data;
  • images, tables, and figures underlying the results;
  • qualitative data, where applicable;
  • metadata necessary to interpret the data.

Both original data generated by the authors and secondary data reused in the study should be considered when preparing the Data Availability Statement.

11.5. Standard Data Availability Statements

To ensure clarity, consistency, and transparency, authors are encouraged to use one of the following standard formulations when preparing the Data Availability Statement. The statement selected should accurately reflect the availability and access conditions of the data supporting the findings of the study.

11.5.1. Data openly available in a public repository

“The data supporting the findings of this study are openly available in [repository name] at [DOI or persistent URL].”

11.5.2. Data available within the article or supplementary materials

“The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and/or its supplementary materials.”

11.5.3. Data available on request due to ethical, legal, or privacy restrictions

“The data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to ethical, legal, or privacy restrictions.”

11.5.4. Data subject to third-party or licensing restrictions

“The data supporting the findings of this study are subject to third-party restrictions. The data were used under license and are available from the data owner with permission.”

11.5.5. Embargoed data

“The data supporting the findings of this study will be made publicly available in [repository name] following an embargo period of [duration] after publication.”

11.5.6. No new data generated or analyzed

“Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were generated or analyzed during this study.”

11.5.7. Non-digital data

“Non-digital data supporting the findings of this study are curated at [location] and are available upon request.”

11.6. Ethical, Legal, and Confidentiality Considerations

The journal fully acknowledges that not all research data can be made openly available. In certain cases, unrestricted data sharing may compromise ethical principles, violate legal obligations, or infringe upon confidentiality agreements. The journal therefore supports responsible and proportionate approaches to data sharing that balance transparency with legitimate restrictions.

Data sharing may be restricted when the release of data could result in:

  • the identification of individual research participants, particularly in studies involving human subjects, even after anonymization efforts;
  • breaches of confidentiality or informed consent agreements;
  • disclosure of sensitive commercial, proprietary, or intellectual property information;
  • violation of legal, regulatory, or contractual obligations;
  • unauthorized redistribution of data obtained from third-party sources.

Examples of data that may require restricted access include, but are not limited to:

  • identifiable or potentially re-identifiable human participant data;
  • clinical, nutritional, or health-related datasets subject to privacy regulations;
  • commercially sensitive data, trade secrets, or data generated in collaboration with industry partners;
  • data obtained under license or data-sharing agreements with third parties;
  • data subject to national, regional, or international legal or regulatory frameworks.

In such circumstances, authors are expected to take appropriate measures to protect sensitive information. These measures may include data anonymization, aggregation, controlled access arrangements, or embargoes where justified.

Authors must clearly describe any data access restrictions in the Data Availability Statement, including:

  • the nature of the restriction;
  • the reason why the data cannot be made publicly available; and
  • the conditions under which access to the data may be granted, if applicable.

Where possible, authors are encouraged to:

  • share anonymized or aggregated versions of the data;
  • deposit data in repositories that support controlled or restricted access;
  • provide detailed metadata or descriptions that allow others to understand the nature and scope of the data, even if full access is not permitted.

The editorial office reserves the right to request additional information regarding data access restrictions and, where necessary, to assess whether the proposed data availability arrangements are consistent with ethical standards and the journal’s data sharing policy.

11.7. Data Citation and Reuse

When research data are made publicly available, authors are encouraged to formally cite the datasets that support the findings of their study. Proper data citation promotes transparency, enables reproducibility, and ensures that data creators receive appropriate credit for their work.

Data citations should be included in the reference list of the manuscript and should follow recognized data citation standards. At a minimum, data citations should provide sufficient information to allow readers to identify, locate, and access the dataset, such as:

  • the name(s) of the dataset creator(s);
  • the title of the dataset;
  • the name of the repository where the data are hosted;
  • the year of publication or release; and
  • a persistent identifier (e.g., DOI, accession number, or stable URL), where available.

When datasets lack a persistent identifier, authors should provide a stable repository link or accession number and clearly identify the data source.

In addition to formal citation, authors are encouraged to ensure that shared datasets are:

  • accurately described and clearly labeled;
  • accompanied by sufficient metadata to allow interpretation and reuse;
  • organized in formats that support long-term accessibility and reuse, where possible.

Responsible data reuse is encouraged, provided that appropriate attribution is given to the original data sources and that any applicable ethical, legal, or licensing conditions are respected. Authors who reuse third-party or publicly available datasets must ensure that such use complies with the original data access terms and that all sources are properly cited.

By promoting clear data citation and well-documented datasets, the journal aims to support good research practice, enhance the visibility of research outputs, and facilitate the responsible reuse of data within the scientific community.

11.8. Editorial Oversight

The editorial team is committed to upholding high standards of scientific quality, transparency, and research integrity. As part of the peer-review and editorial evaluation process, editors and reviewers may request access to the data underlying the reported findings to assess the robustness, validity, and reproducibility of the research.

Requests for data access during peer review will be handled confidentially and will respect any ethical, legal, or contractual restrictions identified by the authors. Where data cannot be shared openly, authors may be asked to provide data through secure or controlled means, or to supply additional documentation clarifying the nature of the data and any access limitations.

All manuscripts reporting original research must include a Data Availability Statement. Failure to include this statement, or to adequately explain restrictions on data access, may result in:

  • requests for revision prior to peer review;
  • delays in the editorial or peer-review process; or
  • postponement of publication until the issue is resolved.

The journal reserves the right to evaluate whether the proposed data availability arrangements are consistent with this policy and with accepted standards of ethical and responsible research practice. In cases where data access limitations are considered unjustified or insufficiently explained, authors may be asked to revise their Data Availability Statement or provide further clarification.

Through editorial oversight of data availability, the journal aims to promote responsible data sharing while maintaining respect for ethical, legal, and confidentiality obligations.

  1. Funding

Authors must disclose all sources of financial support that contributed to the research reported in the manuscript. Transparent reporting of funding sources allows readers to assess potential influences on the research and supports good scholarly practice.

Funding information must be accurate, complete, and presented in accordance with the journal’s requirements.

12.1. Funding Disclosure Requirements

Authors must clearly identify:

  • the funding body or bodies that supported the research;
  • the official name(s) of the funding organization(s); and
  • the grant number(s) or project identifier(s), where applicable.

Authors are required to use the official names of funding bodies, as listed in the Crossref Funding Registry, to ensure accurate indexing, discoverability, and compliance with publishing standards.

If the research received no external funding, this must be explicitly stated in the manuscript.

12.2. Funding Statement Templates

Authors may use one of the following standard formulations when preparing the Funding statement:

Research funded
“This research was funded by [official name of funding body], grant number [grant number].”

Multiple funding sources
“This research was supported by [official name of funding body 1] (grant number [number]) and [official name of funding body 2] (grant number [number]).”

No external funding
“This research received no external funding.”

12.3. Placement in the Manuscript

Funding information must be provided in a dedicated Funding section of the manuscript. This section is typically included in the back matter, in accordance with the journal’s formatting guidelines.

The editorial office may request clarification or correction of funding information where necessary to ensure accuracy and consistency. Incomplete or unclear funding disclosures may result in requests for revision prior to publication.

  1. Acknowledgments

The Acknowledgments section should be used to recognize contributions that supported the completion of the research or the preparation of the manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship.

This may include, but is not limited to, technical or laboratory assistance, administrative or logistical support, data collection or field assistance, statistical or methodological advice, and language editing or proofreading services.

Individuals or organizations acknowledged in this section must have given their consent to be named. Authors are responsible for ensuring that acknowledgments are accurate and do not imply endorsement of the research findings by the acknowledged parties.

Contributions that meet the criteria for authorship must not be included in the Acknowledgments section and should instead be reflected in the author list and, where applicable, in the Author Contributions statement.

Financial support must be disclosed in the Funding section and should not be included in Acknowledgments, except where acknowledgment of institutional or infrastructural support is appropriate and does not duplicate funding disclosures.

The editorial office reserves the right to request clarification or revision of acknowledgments to ensure compliance with authorship standards and transparency requirements.

  1. Conflicts of Interest

All authors must disclose any actual or potential conflicts of interest that could be perceived as influencing the research, its interpretation, or the presentation of results. Transparent disclosure of conflicts of interest is essential to maintaining trust in the scientific record.

A conflict of interest may arise from financial, professional, personal, or institutional relationships that could affect, or be perceived to affect, the objectivity, integrity, or value of the research.

If no conflicts of interest exist, authors must explicitly include the following statement in the manuscript:
“The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

 14.1. Disclosure of Conflicts

Authors are required to disclose all relevant conflicts of interest at the time of manuscript submission. Disclosures should be complete and sufficiently specific to allow readers to assess the potential impact of the disclosed relationships.

Examples of conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • financial relationships, such as employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership, or patents;
  • research funding or sponsorship that may influence study design, data interpretation, or reporting;
  • personal or professional relationships that could be perceived as influencing the research; and
  • affiliations with organizations that have a direct interest in the research outcomes.

Failure to disclose relevant conflicts of interest may result in corrective action in accordance with the journal’s editorial policies.

14.2. Role of Funders

Authors must clearly state the role of any funding bodies in the research process. The statement should specify whether funders were involved in:

  • study design;
  • data collection;
  • data analysis;
  • data interpretation;
  • manuscript preparation; and
  • the decision to publish the results.

Where funders had a role in one or more of these activities, the nature and extent of their involvement must be clearly described.

If the funders had no role in the design or conduct of the study, authors must explicitly state this in the manuscript.

Role of Funders Statement Templates

Funders involved
“The funders had a role in [describe relevant aspects, e.g., study design and data analysis] but had no role in the decision to publish the results.”

No role of funders
“The funders had no role in the study design, the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, the writing of the manuscript, or the decision to publish the results.”

  1. Abbreviations

Authors should ensure that all abbreviations and acronyms used in the manuscript are clearly defined at their first occurrence in the text. This requirement applies to abbreviations used in the main text, tables, figures, and supplementary materials.

For clarity and readability, authors are encouraged to use abbreviations sparingly and only where they improve comprehension. Terms widely recognized within a specific field should nevertheless be defined at first mention to ensure accessibility to an international, multidisciplinary readership.

Where appropriate, authors may include a separate Abbreviations section listing all abbreviations used in the manuscript, particularly when a large number of abbreviations are employed. Abbreviations should be listed in alphabetical order and defined consistently with their usage in the text.

Abbreviations should not be used in the title or abstract unless they are widely accepted and commonly understood. Authors are responsible for ensuring consistency in the use of abbreviations throughout the manuscript.

  1. Publisher’s Note and Disclaimer

The statements, opinions, interpretations, and data expressed in articles published in this journal are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, editors, or members of the editorial board.

The publisher and editors assume no responsibility or liability for any errors, omissions, or consequences arising from the use, interpretation, or application of the information contained in the published articles. The publication of an article does not constitute an endorsement of the authors’ findings, conclusions, or recommendations.

While the editorial team makes every reasonable effort to ensure the quality, integrity, and accuracy of the content published in the journal, responsibility for the content of each article remains with the authors.

  1. Ethical Statements and Declarations

Authors are responsible for ensuring that all required ethical statements and declarations are included in the manuscript, where applicable, and that they are complete, accurate, and consistent with the journal’s ethical policies.

These declarations support transparency, ethical compliance, and research integrity and are subject to editorial review.

 17.1. Required Declarations

Where applicable, manuscripts must include the following sections:

  • Author Contributions
  • Institutional Review Board Statement
  • Informed Consent Statement
  • Data Availability Statement
  • Funding
  • Acknowledgments
  • Conflicts of Interest

Authors must ensure that each required declaration is clearly stated, correctly placed within the manuscript, and consistent with the information provided elsewhere in the submission.

Incomplete, missing, or inconsistent declarations may result in requests for revision during the editorial or peer-review process.

  1. Use of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Tools

The journal acknowledges the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI)-based and digital tools in the research and manuscript preparation process. Such tools may be used only to support language editing, grammar correction, clarity, and stylistic refinement of manuscript text.

The use of AI-based or generative tools must not replace the authors’ intellectual contribution. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of all content in the manuscript.

Any use of artificial intelligence-based or digital tools must be fully and transparently disclosed in a dedicated statement at the end of the manuscript.

18.1. Permitted Use of AI Tools

Artificial intelligence-based and digital tools may be used solely to support:

  • language editing;
  • grammar correction;
  • clarity of expression; and
  • stylistic refinement of the manuscript text.

These tools must not be used to generate original scientific content, interpret data, draw scientific conclusions, fabricate data or references, or make decisions related to study design, data analysis, or results.

18.2. Prohibited Use of AI Tools

Artificial intelligence-based or generative tools must not be used to generate original scientific content, interpret research data, draw scientific conclusions, fabricate or manipulate data, create references, or make decisions regarding study design, data analysis, or research results.

The use of AI tools in any way that replaces or compromises the authors’ intellectual contribution is strictly prohibited. Authors remain fully responsible for all aspects of the research and the manuscript, regardless of any AI-assisted language editing or stylistic refinement.

18.3. Disclosure of AI Use

Any use of artificial intelligence-based or digital tools during manuscript preparation must be fully and transparently disclosed in a dedicated statement included at the end of the manuscript.

The disclosure must clearly specify:

  • the name of the tool used;
  • the version or model, where applicable; and
  • the purpose for which the tool was used (e.g., language editing or stylistic refinement).

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, and ethical compliance of all content in the manuscript, including any material that has been edited or refined using AI-based tools.

The editorial office reserves the right to request clarification regarding the disclosed use of AI-based tools and to assess compliance with this policy during the editorial and peer-review process.

18.4. Example AI Disclosure Statements

Authors may use one of the following example statements to disclose the use of artificial intelligence-based or digital tools, as appropriate. The statement must accurately reflect how the tool was used during manuscript preparation.

Language editing only
“Artificial intelligence-based tools were used solely for language editing and stylistic refinement of the manuscript. The authors remain fully responsible for the content of this work.”

Specific tool and purpose disclosed
“Artificial intelligence-based tools were used to support language editing and improve clarity of expression. The tool used was [tool name] ([version/model]). The authors take full responsibility for the content of the manuscript.”

Multiple digital tools used
“Digital and artificial intelligence-based tools were used solely for language editing and stylistic refinement of the manuscript. No AI tools were used for data analysis, interpretation, or content generation. The authors remain fully responsible for the work.”

AI-assisted grammar and readability improvement
“Artificial intelligence-based tools were used to assist with grammar checking and readability improvement during manuscript preparation. All scientific content, analysis, and conclusions were developed by the authors.”

No AI tools used
“No artificial intelligence-based or generative tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript.”

Transparency-focused statement
“The authors used an artificial intelligence-based tool ([tool name], [version/model]) exclusively for language editing and stylistic refinement. The tool did not contribute to the study design, data analysis, interpretation of results, or generation of scientific content. The authors retain full responsibility for the manuscript.”

Minimal disclosure
“Artificial intelligence-based tools were used solely for language editing.”

  1. Contact and Further Information

For questions regarding data sharing, data availability, ethical or legal considerations, or the application of the journal’s policies, authors are encouraged to contact the editorial office.

The editorial team is available to provide guidance on manuscript preparation, Data Availability Statements, and compliance with the journal’s transparency and ethical requirements.

Authors are encouraged to contact the editorial office prior to submission if they have questions regarding data access restrictions, ethical considerations, or suitable data sharing arrangements.

Journal: Letters in Applied NanoBioScience

Contact person: Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Editor in Chief

Email: eic@nanobioletters.com